The Implications of Regional Variations in Medicare Spending. Part 2: Health Outcomes and Satisfaction with Care

Figure 2. Income figures refer to the average monthly Social Security income of the patients' ZIP codes. Circles represent
the adjusted relative risk for death associated with a 10% increase in the End-of-Life Expenditure Index across U.S. hospital
referral regions; bars represent 95% CIs for the relative risk. *Mid-Atlantic, South Atlantic, and Great Lakes regions. †Did
not change hospital referral region of residence in the 1 to 2 years before index admission. HMO = health maintenance organization.
Adjusted relative risk for death associated with a 10% increase in Medicare spending overall and among specified subgroups
of the hip fracture cohort.
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Ann Intern Med
February 18, 2003
vol. 138
no. 4
288-298