Table of Contents

July 2, 2002; 137 (1)

Articles

  • Updated Definitions of Healthy Ranges for Serum Alanine Aminotransferase Levels

    • Daniele Prati,
    • Emanuela Taioli,
    • Alberto Zanella,
    • Emanuela Della Torre,
    • Sonia Butelli,
    • Emanuela Del Vecchio,
    • Luciana Vianello,
    • Francesco Zanuso,
    • Fulvio Mozzi,
    • Silvano Milani,
    • Dario Conte,
    • Massimo Colombo,
    • and Girolamo Sirchia
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:1-10

    Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, the variable most commonly measured to assess hepatic disease, fails to identify many patients with hepatic injury. Current standards for “normal” ALT level were defined by using populations that included persons with subclinical liver disease. In patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, revision of normal limits for ALT is advisable.

  • Reporting the Recruitment Process in Clinical Trials: Who Are These Patients and How Did They Get There?

    • Cary P. Gross,
    • Raburn Mallory,
    • Asefeh Heiat,
    • and Harlan M. Krumholz
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:10-16

    Many randomized, controlled trials published in major medical journals do not provide information about the patient recruitment process. As a result, it is difficult for readers to gauge the extent to which participants may represent a highly selected subgroup.

  • High Prevalence of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in HIV-Infected Adults

    • Kirk D. Miller,
    • Henry Masur,
    • Elizabeth C. Jones,
    • Galen O. Joe,
    • Margaret E. Rick,
    • Grace G. Kelly,
    • JoAnn M. Mican,
    • Shuying Liu,
    • Lynn H. Gerber,
    • William C. Blackwelder,
    • Judith Falloon,
    • Richard T. Davey, Jr.,
    • Michael A. Polis,
    • Robert E. Walker,
    • H. Clifford Lane,
    • and Joseph A. Kovacs
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:17-25

    Patients infected with HIV have an unexpectedly high occurrence of osteonecrosis of the hip. Although screening of asymptomatic patients is not warranted, HIV-infected patients with persistent groin or hip pain should be evaluated for this debilitating complication.

Updates

  • Metformin: An Update

    • Dmitri Kirpichnikov,
    • Samy I. McFarlane,
    • and James R. Sowers
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:25-33

    Metformin, the only biguanide available in the United States, is a potent insulin-sensitizing agent that acts primarily on hepatic glucose production and has additional effects on peripheral insulin sensitivity. This update covers many aspects of metformin therapy, including clinical role, combination therapy, mechanisms of antihyperglycemic action, and cardioprotective action. The effects of metformin therapy on the polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and vascular reactivity are also discussed.

History of Medicine

  • Annals of Internal Medicine at Age 75: Reflections on the Past 25 Years

    • Edward J. Huth and
    • Kathleen Case
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:34-45

    In its first 75 years, Annals of Internal Medicine evolved from being primarily a vehicle for papers presented at the Annual Session of the American College of Physicians to a journal in which all manuscripts are peer reviewed and decisions to publish are based solely on the editors' view of which papers are most important.

Clinical Guidelines

  • Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer: Recommendations and Rationale

    • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force*
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:56-58

    The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends against the routine use of tamoxifen or raloxifene for the primary prevention of breast cancer in women at low or average risk for breast cancer. The Task Force recommends that clinicians discuss chemoprevention with women at high risk for breast cancer and at low risk for adverse effects of chemoprevention. Clinicians should inform patients of the potential benefits and harms of chemoprevention.

  • Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer: A Summary of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force

    • Linda S. Kinsinger,
    • Russell Harris,
    • Steven H. Woolf,
    • Harold C. Sox,
    • and Kathleen N. Lohr
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:59-69

    This systematic review supports the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's position on chemoprevention of breast cancer.

Editorials

  • Reflections on Medical Journals: Has Progress Made Them Better?

    • Jerome P. Kassirer
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:46-48

    As evidenced by Huth and Case's history of Annals in this issue, medical journals have changed in the past 25 years. Molecular medicine, enormous controlled trials, and meta-analyses of dozens of clinical trials have largely replaced case reports, observational studies of a few dozen patients, and physiologic experiments. However, some issues, such as cost containment and ethics, remain vexing. Have medical journals, in fact, improved?

  • Alanine Aminotransferase Levels: What's Normal?

    • Marshall M. Kaplan
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:49-51

    In this issue, Prati and colleagues confirm and extend previously reported data demonstrating relations between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, body mass index, and abnormal lipid or carbohydrate metabolism, as well as sex. However, wide adoption of their new, more sensitive values for normal ALT levels would be premature.

  • Making Good Decisions about Breast Cancer Chemoprevention

    • Albert G. Mulley, Jr. and
    • Karen Sepucha
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:52-54

    The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations on chemoprevention of breast cancer, which appear in this issue with a supporting evidence review by Kinsinger and colleagues, present two serious challenges for clinicians. First, clinicians must respond to misinformed patients and mitigate the worry that may cloud perspective and create demand for chemoprevention when the potential harms far exceed the benefits. Second, clinicians must identify and engage uninformed persons for whom chemoprevention holds potential promise.

  • Some Changes in Annals

    • Harold C. Sox
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:55

    The beginning of a new volume of Annals is the occasion to tell readers about the changes that we made during the past 6 months.

On Being a Doctor

  • Sinusitis

    • Eric Michael David
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:68-69

    Meg was one of the most special people I have ever known, one of those people who watches you grow up just as astutely as you watch them grow up … a student of all the changes in your life. She died the summer I turned 21.

Letters

  • Adenosine and Aggrenox: A Hazardous Combination

    • Laszlo Littmann,
    • Justin D. Anderson,
    • and Michael H. Monroe
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:W1

  • Quality of Care in Patients with Diabetes

    • Parthiv J. Mahadevia,
    • Seth Himelhoch,
    • and Joel Braunstein
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:70

  • Quality of Care in Patients with Diabetes

    • Rhoda H. Cobin and
    • Helena W. Rodbard
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:70-71

  • Quality of Care in Patients with Diabetes

    • Sam Weir,
    • Robert Stone,
    • Philip Levy,
    • Stephen F. Hodgson,
    • and Barbara Fleming
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:71

  • Quality of Care in Patients with Diabetes

    • Sheldon Greenfield,
    • Sherrie H. Kaplan,
    • and Richard Kahn
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:71-72

  • Quality of Care in Patients with Diabetes

    • The Editors
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:72

  • Measuring Patient Adherence

    • Honghu Liu,
    • Andrew Kaplan,
    • and Neil Wenger
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:72

  • Measuring Patient Adherence

    • Barbara J. Turner and
    • Frederick M. Hecht
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:72-73

  • Spontaneous Intramural Hematoma of the Esophagus

    • Ajay Chawla,
    • Michael H. Blume,
    • and Jerald Insel
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:73-74

  • Severe Rhabdomyolysis Related to Cerivastatin without Gemfibrozil

    • David J. Hyman,
    • Andrea Henry,
    • and Addison Taylor
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:74

  • Gabapentin Toxicity Requiring Intubation in a Patient Receiving Long-Term Hemodialysis

    • Heather Jones,
    • Elvira Aguila,
    • and Harrison W. Farber
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:74

  • Celecoxib-Induced Cholestatic Hepatotoxicity in a Patient with Cirrhosis

    • Paulo Alegria,
    • Luís Lebre,
    • and Cristina Chagas
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:75

Medical Writings: Book Notes

  • Essentials of Tropical Infectious Diseases

    • Francis D. Pien
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:76

  • Telephone Medicine: A Guide for the Practicing Physician

    • Bryce Templeton
    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:76

Ad Libitum

Book Listings

Medical Notices

Summaries for Patients

  • New Definitions for Healthy Ranges of Alanine Aminotransferase, a Blood Test of Liver Function

    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:I-37

  • Reporting the Recruitment Process in Clinical Trials: Who Are These Patients and How Did They Get There?

    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:I-38

  • Problems of the Hip Bone in Patients with HIV Infection

    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:I-48

  • Metformin for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:I-50

  • Using Medication To Prevent Breast Cancer: Recommendations from the United States Preventive Services Task Force

    Ann Intern Med July 2, 2002 137:I-62
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This Issue

July 2, 2002; 137 (1)
  1. Articles
  2. Updates
  3. History of Medicine
  4. Clinical Guidelines
  5. Editorials
  6. On Being a Doctor
  7. Letters
  8. Medical Writings: Book Notes
  9. Ad Libitum
  10. Book Listings
  11. Medical Notices
  12. Summaries for Patients

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