National Kidney Foundation Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation, Classification, and Stratification

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Evidence model for stages in the initiation and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and therapeutic interventions. Shaded ellipses represent stages of chronic kidney disease; unshaded ellipses represent potential antecedents or consequences of chronic kidney disease. Thick arrows between ellipses represent risk factors associated with the initiation and progression of disease that can be affected or detected by interventions: susceptibility factors (black), initiation factors (dark gray), progression factors (light gray), and end-stage factors (white) (Table 3). Interventions for each stage are given beneath the stage. Persons who appear normal should be screened for chronic kidney disease risk factors. Persons known to be at increased risk for chronic kidney disease should be screened for chronic kidney disease. "Complications" refer to all complications of chronic kidney disease and its treatment, including complications of decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (hypertension, anemia, malnutrition, bone disease, neuropathy, and decreased quality of life) and cardiovascular disease. Reprinted with permission from reference 7.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Evaluation of proteinuria in patients not known to have kidney disease. The Work Group recommends a cutoff value for an albumin–creatinine ratio greater than 30 mg/g in men and women. Some studies suggest sex-specific cutoff values for an albumin–creatinine ratio of greater than 17 mg/g in men or greater than 25 mg/g in women (10, 11). Reprinted with permission from reference 7.