 |
 |
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
21 January 2003 | Volume 138 Issue 2 | Pages 135-142
Linezolid is the first of a new class of antimicrobial agents, the oxazolidinones, to be approved for clinical use in the United States and elsewhere. The drug is a totally synthetic compound, which lessens the likelihood of naturally occurring resistance mechanisms. It has excellent activity against virtually all important gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant staphylococci, penicillin-resistant pneumococci, macrolide-resistant streptococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Development of resistance to the compound has been infrequent thus far. Linezolid is 100% bioavailable, so it can be given in equal doses orally or parenterally. Its elimination half-life allows dosing twice per day, and alteration of drug dosage is not required in patients with impaired renal or hepatic function. Linezolid has approved indications for skin and soft tissue infections; lower respiratory tract infections; and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infections, including cases with concurrent bacteremia. The drug has an acceptable profile of adverse events, but reversible myelosuppression has occurred in patients receiving high doses for more than 2 weeks.
Author and Article Information
From Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
Potential Financial Conflicts of Interest: Dr. Moellering has served as a consultant to the anti-infective therapy groups at DuPont Pharmaceuticals (formerly DuPont Merck Pharmaceuticals, a division of E.I. DuPont de Nemours, Wilmington, Delaware), Pharmacia (formerly Upjohn Laboratories, Kalamazoo, Michigan), and Aventis Pharmaceuticals (formerly Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Collegeville, Maryland). In addition, he has received funding for basic laboratory research (not clinical research) from DuPont Merck Pharmaceuticals, Upjohn Laboratories, and Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Requests for Single Reprints: Robert C. Moellering Jr., MD, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 110 Francis Street, Suite 6A, Boston, MA 02215. REVIEW
DRUGS AND DRUG THERAPY
Linezolid: The First Oxazolidinone Antimicrobial
Related articles in Annals:
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J Elvy, I Hanspal, and P Simcock A case of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae causing bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis J. Clin. Pathol., November 1, 2008; 61(11): 1223 - 1224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T.-S. Huang, Y.-C. Liu, C.-L. Sy, Y.-S. Chen, H.-Z. Tu, and B.-C. Chen In Vitro Activities of Linezolid against Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolated in Taiwan over 10 Years Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., June 1, 2008; 52(6): 2226 - 2227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. C. Moellering Jr A 39-Year-Old Man With a Skin Infection JAMA, January 2, 2008; 299(1): 79 - 87. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. de Jesus Valle, N. S. Uranga, F. G. Lopez, A. D.-G. Hurle, and A. S. Navarro Disposition of linezolid in the isolated rat lung after systemic and pulmonary drug delivery J. Antimicrob. Chemother., November 1, 2007; 60(5): 1074 - 1079. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Plock, C. Buerger, C. Joukhadar, S. Kljucar, and C. Kloft Does Linezolid Inhibit Its Own Metabolism? Population Pharmacokinetics As a Tool to Explain the Observed Nonlinearity in Both Healthy Volunteers and Septic Patients Drug Metab. Dispos., October 1, 2007; 35(10): 1816 - 1823. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Moreillon, W. R. Wilson, R. Leclercq, and J. M. Entenza Single-Dose Oral Amoxicillin or Linezolid for Prophylaxis of Experimental Endocarditis Due to Vancomycin-Susceptible and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., May 1, 2007; 51(5): 1661 - 1665. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Fiaccadori, U. Maggiore, C. Rotelli, R. Giacosa, E. Parenti, E. Picetti, P. Manini, R. Andreoli, and A. Cabassi Does haemodialysis significantly affect serum linezolid concentrations in critically ill patients with renal failure? A pilot investigation Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., May 1, 2006; 21(5): 1402 - 1406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. L. Sola, J. M. Bostwick, D. A. Hart, and T. W. Lineberry Anticipating Potential Linezolid-SSRI Interactions in the General Hospital Setting: An MAOI in Disguise Mayo Clin. Proc., March 1, 2006; 81(3): 330 - 334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. C. Draghi, D. J. Sheehan, P. Hogan, and D. F. Sahm In Vitro Activity of Linezolid against Key Gram-Positive Organisms Isolated in the United States: Results of the LEADER 2004 Surveillance Program Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., December 1, 2005; 49(12): 5024 - 5032. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. J. Debellis, O. P. Schaefer, M. Liquori, and G. A. Volturo Linezolid-Associated Serotonin Syndrome After Concomitant Treatment With Citalopram and Mirtazepine in a Critically Ill Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient J Intensive Care Med, December 1, 2005; 20(6): 303 - 305. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Beringer, M. Nguyen, N. Hoem, S. Louie, M. Gill, M. Gurevitch, and A. Wong-Beringer Absolute Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Linezolid in Hospitalized Patients Given Enteral Feedings Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., September 1, 2005; 49(9): 3676 - 3681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. E. Nagiec, L. Wu, S. M. Swaney, J. G. Chosay, D. E. Ross, J. K. Brieland, and K. L. Leach Oxazolidinones Inhibit Cellular Proliferation via Inhibition of Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., September 1, 2005; 49(9): 3896 - 3902. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. M. Ziglam, I. Elliott, V. Wilson, K. Hill, and D. Nathwani Clinical audit of linezolid use in a large teaching hospital J. Antimicrob. Chemother., August 1, 2005; 56(2): 423 - 426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Schriever, L. Zeitz-Colaizzi, A. Quinn, A. E. Schriever, and J. P. Cannon Considerations for the Management of Gram-Positive Pathogens in the Intensive Care Unit Journal of Pharmacy Practice, April 1, 2005; 18(2): 100 - 108. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-H. Liao, S.-P. Tseng, C.-T. Fang, L.-J. Teng, and P.-R. Hsueh First linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strain in Taiwan J. Antimicrob. Chemother., April 1, 2005; 55(4): 598 - 599. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. E Stein, S. L Schooley, C. A Peloquin, V. Kak, D. H Havlichek, D. M Citron, K. L Tyrrell, and E. J. Goldstein Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Linezolid in Obese Patients with Cellulitis Ann. Pharmacother., March 1, 2005; 39(3): 427 - 432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Spellberg, T. Yoo, and A. S. Bayer Reversal of linezolid-associated cytopenias, but not peripheral neuropathy, by administration of vitamin B6 J. Antimicrob. Chemother., October 1, 2004; 54(4): 832 - 835. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Jones, E. Athan, and D. O'Brien Serotonin syndrome due to co-administration of linezolid and venlafaxine J. Antimicrob. Chemother., July 1, 2004; 54(1): 289 - 290. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Rho, I. G. Sia, B. A. Crum, M. B. Dekutoski, and R. T. Trousdale Linezolid-Associated Peripheral Neuropathy Mayo Clin. Proc., July 1, 2004; 79(7): 927 - 930. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. R. Dominguez, J. F. Marcinak, R. S. Daum, E. L. Goodman, H. R. Chang, and M. N. Swartz Cellulitis N. Engl. J. Med., June 10, 2004; 350(24): 2522 - 2524. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Parra-Ruiz, M. Martinez, R. Antelo-Lorenzo, and J. Hernandez-Quero Antimicrobials in the treatment of orthopaedic prosthetic infections J. Antimicrob. Chemother., May 1, 2004; 53(5): 886 - 887. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Dibo, S. K. Pillai, H. S. Gold, M. R. Baer, M. Wetzler, J. L. Slack, P. A. Hazamy, D. Ball, C. B. Hsiao, P. L. McCarthy Jr., et al. Linezolid-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from a Cord Blood Transplant Recipient J. Clin. Microbiol., April 1, 2004; 42(4): 1843 - 1845. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M.-R. Movahed, B. Kasravi, and C. S. Bryan Prophylactic Use of Vancomycin in Adult Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, March 1, 2004; 9(1): 13 - 20. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. G. Vazquez, J. Mensa, Y. Lopez, P. D. Couchard, D. Soy, J. R. Fontenla, M. Sarasa, X. Carne, and E. Montull Penetration of Linezolid into the Anterior Chamber (Aqueous Humor) of the Human Eye after Intravenous Administration Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., February 1, 2004; 48(2): 670 - 672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. N Serio Acute Delirium Associated with Combined Diphenhydramine and Linezolid Use Ann. Pharmacother., January 1, 2004; 38(1): 62 - 65. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. R. Johnson Linezolid: The First Oxazolidinone Antimicrobial Ann Intern Med, November 18, 2003; 139(10): 863 - 863. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Lindley Linezolid: The First Oxazolidinone Antimicrobial Ann Intern Med, November 18, 2003; 139(10): 863 - 863. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Paterson, A. W. Pasculle, and K. McCurry Linezolid: The First Oxazolidinone Antimicrobial Ann Intern Med, November 18, 2003; 139(10): 863 - 864. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
Article
