 |
 |
|
|
|  PubMed
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 November 1995 | Volume 123 Issue 10 | Pages 754-762
Objective: To examine the relations among proteinuria, prescribed and achieved blood pressure, and decline in glomerular filtration rate in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study.
Design: 2 randomized trials in patients with chronic renal diseases of diverse cause.
Setting: 15 outpatient nephrology practices at university hospitals.
Patients: 840 patients, of whom 585 were in study A (glomerular filtration rate, 25 to 55 mL/min·1.73 m2) and 255 were in study B (glomerular filtration rate, 13 to 24 mL/min·1.73 m2). Diabetic patients who required insulin were excluded.
Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to a usual blood pressure goal (target mean arterial pressure, less than equals 107 mm Hg for patients less than equals 60 years of age and less than equals 113 mm Hg for patients more than equals 61 years of age) or a low blood pressure goal (target mean arterial pressure, less than equals 92 mm Hg for patients less than equals 60 years of age and less than equals 98 mm Hg for patients more than equals 61 years of age).
Main Outcome Measures: Rate of decline in glomerular filtration rate and change in proteinuria during follow-up.
Results: The low blood pressure goal had a greater beneficial effect in persons with higher baseline proteinuria in both study A (P = 0.02) and study B (P = 0.01). Glomerular filtration rate declined faster in patients with higher achieved blood pressure during follow-up in both study A (r = –0.20; P < 0.001) and study B (r = –0.34; P < 0.001), and these correlations were stronger in persons with higher baseline proteinuria (P < 0.001 in study A; P < 0.01 in study B). In study A, the association between decline in glomerular filtration rate and achieved follow-up blood pressure was nonlinear (P = 0.011) and was stronger at higher mean arterial pressure. In both studies, the low blood pressure goal significantly reduced proteinuria during the first 4 months after randomization. This, in turn, correlated with a slower subsequent decline in glomerular filtration rate.
Conclusions: Our study supports the concept that proteinuria is an independent risk factor for the progression of renal disease. For patients with proteinuria of more than 1 g/d, we suggest a target blood pressure of less than 92 mm Hg (125/75 mm Hg). For patients with proteinuria of 0.25 to 1.0 g/d, a target mean arterial pressure of less than 98 mm Hg (about 130/80 mm Hg) may be advisable. The extent to which lowering blood pressure reduces proteinuria may be a measure of the effectiveness of this therapy in slowing the progression of renal disease.
*For a list of MDRD participants, see reference 10.
Author and Article Information
From the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group, Cleveland, Ohio.
ARTICLE
Blood Pressure Control, Proteinuria, and the Progression of Renal Disease
The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study
Grant Support: By the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the Health Care Financing Administration.
Requests for Reprints: MDRD Study Data Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, P88, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195.
Current Author Addresses: Dr. Peterson: University of Florida, Division of Nephrology, P.O. Box 100224, Gainesville, FL 32610-0224.
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Facebook 
Reddit 
Technorati 
Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. Schiffmann, D. G. Warnock, M. Banikazemi, J. Bultas, G. E. Linthorst, S. Packman, S. A. Sorensen, W. R. Wilcox, and R. J. Desnick Fabry disease: progression of nephropathy, and prevalence of cardiac and cerebrovascular events before enzyme replacement therapy Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., July 1, 2009; 24(7): 2102 - 2111. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Evans, C. M. Fored, R. Bellocco, G. Fitzmaurice, J. P. Fryzek, J. K. McLaughlin, O. Nyren, and C.-G. Elinder Acetaminophen, aspirin and progression of advanced chronic kidney disease Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., June 1, 2009; 24(6): 1908 - 1918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. S. Wong, C. B. Pierce, S. R. Cole, B. A. Warady, R. H.K. Mak, N. M. Benador, F. Kaskel, S. L. Furth, G. J. Schwartz, and on behalf of the CKiD investigators Association of Proteinuria with Race, Cause of Chronic Kidney Disease, and Glomerular Filtration Rate in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., April 1, 2009; 4(4): 812 - 819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Jiang, J. Qian, W. Sun, A. Lin, L. Cao, Q. Wang, Z. Ni, Y. Wan, B. Linholm, J. Axelsson, et al. Better preservation of residual renal function in peritoneal dialysis patients treated with a low-protein diet supplemented with keto acids: a prospective, randomized trial Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., March 3, 2009; (2009) gfp085v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Berl Review: Renal protection by inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2009; 10(1): 1 - 8. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Soares, J. S. S. Diniz, E. M. Lima, G. R. Oliveira, M. R. Canhestro, E. A. Colosimo, A. C. S. e Silva, and E. A. Oliveira Predictive factors of progression to chronic kidney disease stage 5 in a predialysis interdisciplinary programme Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., March 1, 2009; 24(3): 848 - 855. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. Tang, B. Lu, E. Hatch, S. H. Sacks, and N. S. Sheerin C3a Mediates Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Proteinuric Nephropathy J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., March 1, 2009; 20(3): 593 - 603. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Bagnasco and L. Racusen Proteinuria and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: The Role of Complement J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., March 1, 2009; 20(3): 459 - 460. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Ferraro, G. F. Ferraccioli, G. Gambaro, P. Fulignati, and S. Costanzi Combined treatment with renin-angiotensin system blockers and polyunsaturated fatty acids in proteinuric IgA nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., January 1, 2009; 24(1): 156 - 160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Friedman, D. Marrero, Y. Ma, R. Ackermann, K.M. V. Narayan, E. Barrett-Connor, K. Watson, W. C. Knowler, E. S. Horton, and for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group Value of Urinary Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio as a Predictor of Type 2 Diabetes in Pre-Diabetic Individuals Diabetes Care, December 1, 2008; 31(12): 2344 - 2348. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Urahama, Y. Ohsaki, Y. Fujita, S. Maruyama, Y. Yuzawa, S. Matsuo, and T. Fujimoto Lipid Droplet-Associated Proteins Protect Renal Tubular Cells from Fatty Acid-Induced Apoptosis Am. J. Pathol., November 1, 2008; 173(5): 1286 - 1294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. T. Flynn, M. Mitsnefes, C. Pierce, S. R. Cole, R. S. Parekh, S. L. Furth, B. A. Warady, and for the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study G Blood Pressure in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Report From the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study Hypertension, October 1, 2008; 52(4): 631 - 637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Berl Maximizing inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system with high doses of converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., August 1, 2008; 23(8): 2443 - 2447. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Mori, A. Polichnowski, P. Glocka, M. Kaldunski, Y. Ohsaki, M. Liang, and A. W. Cowley Jr. High Perfusion Pressure Accelerates Renal Injury in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., August 1, 2008; 19(8): 1472 - 1482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. C. Cattran, H. N. Reich, H. J. Beanlands, J. A. Miller, J. W. Scholey, S. Troyanov, and for the Genes, Gender and Glomerulonephritis Group The impact of sex in primary glomerulonephritis Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., July 1, 2008; 23(7): 2247 - 2253. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Ruggenenti, E. Perticucci, P. Cravedi, V. Gambara, M. Costantini, S. K. Sharma, A. Perna, and G. Remuzzi Role of Remission Clinics in the Longitudinal Treatment of CKD J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., June 1, 2008; 19(6): 1213 - 1224. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. C. Fervenza, S. Sethi, and U. Specks Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy: Diagnosis and Treatment Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., May 1, 2008; 3(3): 905 - 919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. J. Kelly, P. Wu, C. E. Patterson, C. Temm, and J. H. Dominguez LOX-1 and inflammation: a new mechanism for renal injury in obesity and diabetes Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, May 1, 2008; 294(5): F1136 - F1145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Linas Managing CKD: Key Therapeutic Issues Introduction Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., January 1, 2008; 3(Supplement_1): S1 - S2. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. L. Bakris Slowing Nephropathy Progression: Focus on Proteinuria Reduction Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., January 1, 2008; 3(Supplement_1): S3 - S10. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Perkovic, T. Ninomiya, H. Arima, M. Gallagher, M. Jardine, A. Cass, B. Neal, S. MacMahon, and J. Chalmers Chronic Kidney Disease, Cardiovascular Events, and the Effects of Perindopril-Based Blood Pressure Lowering: Data from the PROGRESS Study J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., October 1, 2007; 18(10): 2766 - 2772. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Metcalfe How does early chronic kidney disease progress?: A Background Paper prepared for the UK Consensus Conference on Early Chronic Kidney Disease Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., September 1, 2007; 22(suppl_9): ix26 - ix30. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. W. M. Saweirs and J. Goddard What are the best treatments for early chronic kidney disease?: A Background Paper prepared for the UK Consensus Conference on Early Chronic Kidney Disease Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., September 1, 2007; 22(suppl_9): ix31 - ix38. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Tahir, L. L. Jackson, and D. G. Warnock Antiproteinuric Therapy and Fabry Nephropathy: Sustained Reduction of Proteinuria in Patients Receiving Enzyme Replacement Therapy with Agalsidase-beta J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., September 1, 2007; 18(9): 2609 - 2617. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. B.A. Eijkelkamp, Z. Zhang, G. Remuzzi, H.-H. Parving, M. E. Cooper, W. F. Keane, S. Shahinfar, G. W. Gleim, M. R. Weir, B. M. Brenner, et al. Albuminuria Is a Target for Renoprotective Therapy Independent from Blood Pressure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy: Post Hoc Analysis from the Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) Trial J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., May 1, 2007; 18(5): 1540 - 1546. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. J. Spruill, W. E. Wade, and H. H. Cobb III Estimating glomerular filtration rate with a modification of diet in renal disease equation: Implications for pharmacy Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., March 15, 2007; 64(6): 652 - 660. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-y. Hsu, A. S. Go, C. E. McCulloch, J. Darbinian, and C. Iribarren Exploring Secular Trends in the Likelihood of Receiving Treatment for End-Stage Renal Disease Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., January 1, 2007; 2(1): 81 - 88. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Ruggenenti, A. Perna, M. Ganeva, B. Ene-Iordache, G. Remuzzi, and for the BENEDICT Study Group Impact of Blood Pressure Control and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy on New-Onset Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the BENEDICT Trial J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 2006; 17(12): 3472 - 3481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Abbate, C. Zoja, and G. Remuzzi How Does Proteinuria Cause Progressive Renal Damage? J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., November 1, 2006; 17(11): 2974 - 2984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Sprangers, P. Evenepoel, and Y. Vanrenterghem Late Referral of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: No Time to Waste Mayo Clin. Proc., November 1, 2006; 81(11): 1487 - 1494. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Traynor, R. Mactier, C. C Geddes, and J. G Fox How to measure renal function in clinical practice. BMJ, October 7, 2006; 333(7571): 733 - 737. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Quack, L. C. Rump, P. Gerke, I. Walther, T. Vinke, O. Vonend, T. Grunwald, and L. Sellin beta-Arrestin2 mediates nephrin endocytosis and impairs slit diaphragm integrity PNAS, September 19, 2006; 103(38): 14110 - 14115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Jones, P. Roderick, S. Harris, and M. Rogerson Decline in kidney function before and after nephrology referral and the effect on survival in moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., August 1, 2006; 21(8): 2133 - 2143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V Teplitsky, Y Shoenfeld, and A Tanay The renin-angiotensin system in lupus: physiology, genes and practice, in animals and humans Lupus, June 1, 2006; 15(6): 319 - 325. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Ishani, G. A. Grandits, R. H. Grimm, K. H. Svendsen, A. J. Collins, R. J. Prineas, J. D. Neaton, and for the MRFIT Research Group Association of Single Measurements of Dipstick Proteinuria, Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, and Hematocrit with 25-Year Incidence of End-Stage Renal Disease in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., May 1, 2006; 17(5): 1444 - 1452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Shrestha, N. Sumingan, J. Tan, H. Althous, L. McWilliam, and F. Ballardie Henoch Schonlein purpura with nephritis in adults: adverse prognostic indicators in a UK population. QJM, April 1, 2006; 99(4): 253 - 265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Ravera, M. Re, L. Deferrari, S. Vettoretti, and G. Deferrari Importance of Blood Pressure Control in Chronic Kidney Disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., April 1, 2006; 17(4_suppl_2): S98 - S103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. F. Hou, X. Zhang, G. H. Zhang, D. Xie, P. Y. Chen, W. R. Zhang, J. P. Jiang, M. Liang, G. B. Wang, Z. R. Liu, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Benazepril for Advanced Chronic Renal Insufficiency N. Engl. J. Med., January 12, 2006; 354(2): 131 - 140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Tomita, H. Sogabe, S. Nakazato, S. Nakatsuji, T. Noto, K. Hamada, H. Kawachi, F. Shimizu, M. Matsuo, and S. Mutoh Monoclonal antibody 1-22-3-induced glomerulonephritis in uninephrectomized rats as a model of progressive renal failure Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., November 1, 2005; 20(11): 2358 - 2367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. CY, M. CE, D. J, G. AS, I. C, T. E, C. HC, L. M, R. S, R. ER, et al. Which Comes First--Renal Dysfunction or High Blood Pressure?: Elevated Blood Pressure and Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease in Subjects without Baseline Kidney Disease. Arch Intern Med 165: 923-928, 2005 J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., October 1, 2005; 16(10): 2817 - 2820. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. T. Kausz, H. Guo, B. J.G. Pereira, A. J. Collins, and D. T. Gilbertson General Medical Care among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Opportunities for Improving Outcomes J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., October 1, 2005; 16(10): 3092 - 3101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Pohl, S. Blumenthal, D. J. Cordonnier, F. De Alvaro, G. DeFerrari, G. Eisner, E. Esmatjes, R. E. Gilbert, L. G. Hunsicker, J. B. L. de Faria, et al. Independent and Additive Impact of Blood Pressure Control and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade on Renal Outcomes in the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial: Clinical Implications and Limitations J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., October 1, 2005; 16(10): 3027 - 3037. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Quinkler, D. Zehnder, J. Lepenies, M. D Petrelli, J. S Moore, S. V Hughes, P. Cockwell, M. Hewison, and P. M Stewart Expression of renal 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 is decreased in patients with impaired renal function Eur. J. Endocrinol., August 1, 2005; 153(2): 291 - 299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Work Major Clinical Trials of Hypertension: What Should Be Done Next? Hypertension, July 1, 2005; 46(1): 1 - 6. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Zhang, S. Shahinfar, W. F. Keane, D. Ramjit, T. Z. Dickson, G. W. Gleim, C. E. Mogensen, D. de Zeeuw, B. M. Brenner, and S. M. Snapinn Importance of Baseline Distribution of Proteinuria in Renal Outcomes Trials: Lessons from the Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) Study J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., June 1, 2005; 16(6): 1775 - 1780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Peralta, L. S. Hicks, G. M. Chertow, J. Z. Ayanian, E. Vittinghoff, F. Lin, and M. G. Shlipak Control of Hypertension in Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States Hypertension, June 1, 2005; 45(6): 1119 - 1124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. X. Garg, M. Mamdani, D. N. Juurlink, C. van Walraven, and for the Network of Eastern Ontario Medical Laborat Identifying Individuals with a Reduced GFR Using Ambulatory Laboratory Database Surveillance J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., May 1, 2005; 16(5): 1433 - 1439. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Reich, D. Tritchler, A. M. Herzenberg, Z. Kassiri, X. Zhou, W. Gao, and J. W. Scholey Albumin Activates ERK Via EGF Receptor in Human Renal Epithelial Cells J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., May 1, 2005; 16(5): 1266 - 1278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Lea, T. Greene, L. Hebert, M. Lipkowitz, S. Massry, J. Middleton, S. G. Rostand, E. Miller, W. Smith, G. L. Bakris, et al. The Relationship Between Magnitude of Proteinuria Reduction and Risk of End-stage Renal Disease: Results of the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension Arch Intern Med, April 25, 2005; 165(8): 947 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H Kanda, K Kubo, S Tateishi, K Sato, A Yonezumi, K Yamamoto, and T Mimura Antiproteinuric effect of ARB in lupus nephritis patients with persistent proteinuria despite immunosuppressive therapy Lupus, April 1, 2005; 14(4): 288 - 292. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Sarnak, T. Greene, X. Wang, G. Beck, J. W. Kusek, A. J. Collins, and A. S. Levey The Effect of a Lower Target Blood Pressure on the Progression of Kidney Disease: Long-Term Follow-up of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Ann Intern Med, March 1, 2005; 142(5): 342 - 351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Vogt, G. Navis, and D. de Zeeuw Individual Titration for Maximal Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Proteinuric Patients: A Feasible Strategy? J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., March 1, 2005; 16(3_suppl_1): S53 - S57. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Segura, J. A. Garcia-Donaire, and L. M. Ruilope Calcium Channel Blockers and Renal Protection: Insights from the Latest Clinical Trials J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., March 1, 2005; 16(3_suppl_1): S64 - S66. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Gross, M. J. de Azevedo, S. P. Silveiro, L. H. Canani, M. L. Caramori, and T. Zelmanovitz Diabetic Nephropathy: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment Diabetes Care, January 1, 2005; 28(1): 164 - 176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Jones, M. Juszczak, E. Kingdon, M. Harber, P. Sweny, and A. Burns Treatment of idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with mycophenolate mofetil and steroids Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., December 1, 2004; 19(12): 3160 - 3164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kamijo, T. Sugaya, A. Hikawa, M. Okada, F. Okumura, M. Yamanouchi, A. Honda, M. Okabe, T. Fujino, Y. Hirata, et al. Urinary Excretion of Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Reflects Stress Overload on the Proximal Tubules Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 2004; 165(4): 1243 - 1255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. W. Ballardie IgA nephropathy treatment 25 years on: can we halt progression? The evidence base Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., May 1, 2004; 19(5): 1041 - 1046. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Keith, G. A. Nichols, C. M. Gullion, J. B. Brown, and D. H. Smith Longitudinal Follow-up and Outcomes Among a Population With Chronic Kidney Disease in a Large Managed Care Organization Arch Intern Med, March 22, 2004; 164(6): 659 - 663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. A. Koomans, P. J. Blankestijn, and J. A. Joles Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Chronic Renal Failure: A Wake-up Call J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., March 1, 2004; 15(3): 524 - 537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. S. Fox, M. G. Larson, E. P. Leip, B. Culleton, P. W. F. Wilson, and D. Levy Predictors of New-Onset Kidney Disease in a Community-Based Population JAMA, February 18, 2004; 291(7): 844 - 850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Nakajima, M. Takenaka, J.-Y. Kaimori, T. Hamano, H. Iwatani, T. Sugaya, T. Ito, M. Hori, and E. Imai Activation of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Signaling Pathway in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells by Albumin J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., February 1, 2004; 15(2): 276 - 285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. McPherson, Z. Luo, R. A. Brown, L. S. LeBard, C. C. Corless, R. C. Speth, and S. P. Bagby Chymase-like Angiotensin II-Generating Activity in End-Stage Human Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., February 1, 2004; 15(2): 493 - 500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. A. Wilmer, B. H. Rovin, C. J. Hebert, S. V. Rao, K. Kumor, and L. A. Hebert Management of Glomerular Proteinuria: A Commentary J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 2003; 14(12): 3217 - 3232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Vupputuri, V. Batuman, P. Muntner, L. A. Bazzano, J. J. Lefante, P. K. Whelton, and J. He Effect of Blood Pressure on Early Decline in Kidney Function Among Hypertensive Men Hypertension, December 1, 2003; 42(6): 1144 - 1149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. H. Jafar, C. H. Schmid, P. C. Stark, R. Toto, G. Remuzzi, P. Ruggenenti, C. Marcantoni, G. Becker, S. Shahinfar, P. E. de Jong, et al. The rate of progression of renal disease may not be slower in women compared with men: a patient-level meta-analysis Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., October 1, 2003; 18(10): 2047 - 2053. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Mitsnefes, P.-L. Ho, and P. T. McEnery Hypertension and Progression of Chronic Renal Insufficiency in Children: A Report of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study (NAPRTCS) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., October 1, 2003; 14(10): 2618 - 2622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Praga, C. F. Andrade, J. Luno, M. Arias, R. Poveda, J. Mora, M. V. Prat, F. Rivera, J. M. Galceran, J. M. Ara, et al. Antiproteinuric efficacy of losartan in comparison with amlodipine in non-diabetic proteinuric renal diseases: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., September 1, 2003; 18(9): 1806 - 1813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-y. Kaimori, M. Takenaka, H. Nakajima, T. Hamano, M. Horio, T. Sugaya, T. Ito, M. Hori, K. Okubo, and E. Imai Induction of Glia Maturation Factor-{beta} in Proximal Tubular Cells Leads to Vulnerability to Oxidative Injury through the p38 Pathway and Changes in Antioxidant Enzyme Activities J. Biol. Chem., August 29, 2003; 278(35): 33519 - 33527. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. H. Jafar, P. C. Stark, C. H. Schmid, M. Landa, G. Maschio, P. E. de Jong, D. de Zeeuw, S. Shahinfar, R. Toto, A. S. Levey, et al. Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Role of Blood Pressure Control, Proteinuria, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition: A Patient-Level Meta-Analysis Ann Intern Med, August 19, 2003; 139(4): 244 - 252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. D. Mulrow and R. R. Townsend Guiding Lights for Antihypertensive Treatment in Patients with Nondiabetic Chronic Renal Disease: Proteinuria and Blood Pressure Levels? Ann Intern Med, August 19, 2003; 139(4): 296 - 298. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. L. Bakris, M. R. Weir, S. Shanifar, Z. Zhang, J. Douglas, D. J. van Dijk, and B. M. Brenner Effects of Blood Pressure Level on Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy: Results From the RENAAL Study Arch Intern Med, July 14, 2003; 163(13): 1555 - 1565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kaplan-Pavlovcic, K. Cerk, R. Kveder, J. Lindic, and A. Vizjak Clinical prognostic factors of renal outcome in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis in elderly patients Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., July 1, 2003; 18(90005): v5 - 7. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Flack, R. Peters, T. Shafi, H. Alrefai, S. A. Nasser, and E. Crook Prevention of Hypertension and Its Complications: Theoretical Basis and Guidelines for Treatment J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., July 1, 2003; 14(90002): S92 - 98. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Gassman, T. Greene, J. T. Wright Jr., L. Agodoa, G. Bakris, G. J. Beck, J. Douglas, K. Jamerson, J. Lewis, M. Kutner, et al. Design and Statistical Aspects of the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., July 1, 2003; 14(90002): S154 - 165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. T. Yu Progression of Chronic Renal Failure Arch Intern Med, June 23, 2003; 163(12): 1417 - 1429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Praga, E. Gutierrez, E. Gonzalez, E. Morales, and E. Hernandez Treatment of IgA Nephropathy with ACE Inhibitors: A Randomized and Controlled Trial J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., June 1, 2003; 14(6): 1578 - 1583. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. H. Rosner and M. D. Okusa Combination Therapy With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Arch Intern Med, May 12, 2003; 163(9): 1025 - 1029. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Ueda, E. Ishimura, T. Shoji, M. Emoto, T. Morioka, N. Matsumoto, S. Fukumoto, T. Miki, M. Inaba, and Y. Nishizawa Factors Affecting Progression of Renal Failure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, May 1, 2003; 26(5): 1530 - 1534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Flack, S. Oparil, J. H. Pratt, B. Roniker, S. Garthwaite, J. H. Kleiman, Y. Yang, S. L. Krause, D. Workman, and E. Saunders Efficacy and tolerability of eplerenone and losartan in hypertensive black and white patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 2, 2003; 41(7): 1148 - 1155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Segura, M. Praga, C. Campo, J. L Rodicio, and L. M Ruilope Combination is better than monotherapy with ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor antagonist at recommended doses Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2003; 4(1): 43 - 47. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. T. Wright Jr, G. Bakris, T. Greene, L. Y. Agodoa, L. J. Appel, J. Charleston, D. Cheek, J. G. Douglas-Baltimore, J. Gassman, R. Glassock, et al. Effect of Blood Pressure Lowering and Antihypertensive Drug Class on Progression of Hypertensive Kidney Disease: Results From the AASK Trial JAMA, November 20, 2002; 288(19): 2421 - 2431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Levey Nondiabetic Kidney Disease N. Engl. J. Med., November 7, 2002; 347(19): 1505 - 1511. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Coresh, G. Eknoyan, A. S. Levey, C. M. Clase, A. X. Garg, and B. A Kiberd Estimating the Prevalence of Low Glomerular Filtration Rate Requires Attention to the Creatinine Assay Calibration J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., November 1, 2002; 13(11): 2811 - 2816. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Alvarez, Y. Quiroz, M. Nava, H. Pons, and B. Rodriguez-Iturbe Overload proteinuria is followed by salt-sensitive hypertension caused by renal infiltration of immune cells Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, November 1, 2002; 283(5): F1132 - F1141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. C. Campbell, P. Ruggenenti, and G. Remuzzi Halting the Progression of Chronic Nephropathy J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., November 1, 2002; 13(90003): S190 - 195. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Locatelli, L. Del Vecchio, M. D'Amico, and S. Andrulli Is It the Agent or the Blood Pressure Level that Matters for Renal Protection in Chronic Nephropathies? J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., November 1, 2002; 13(90003): S196 - 201. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Vogt, G. Navis, and D. de Zeeuw Renoprotection: A Matter of Blood Pressure Reduction or Agent-Characteristics? J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., November 1, 2002; 13(90003): S202 - 207. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Thomas, K. P. G. Harris, J. Walls, P. N. Furness, and N. J. Brunskill Fatty acids exacerbate tubulointerstitial injury in protein-overload proteinuria Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, October 1, 2002; 283(4): F640 - F647. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P.-Y. Jungers, C. Robino, G. Choukroun, T. Nguyen-Khoa, Z. A. Massy, and P. Jungers Incidence of anaemia, and use of epoetin therapy in pre-dialysis patients: a prospective study in 403 patients Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., September 1, 2002; 17(9): 1621 - 1627. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T.-M. Lee, S.-F. Su, and C.-H. Tsai Effect of Pravastatin on Proteinuria in Patients With Well-Controlled Hypertension Hypertension, July 1, 2002; 40(1): 67 - 73. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.B. Jude, S.G. Anderson, J.K. Cruickshank, A. Srivatsa, N. Tentolouris, R. Chandrasekaran, R. Gokal, and A.J.M. Boulton Natural history and prognostic factors of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes QJM, June 1, 2002; 95(6): 371 - 377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Clase, A. X. Garg, and B. A. Kiberd Prevalence of Low Glomerular Filtration Rate in Nondiabetic Americans: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., May 1, 2002; 13(5): 1338 - 1349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
