 |
 |
|
|
|  PubMed
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 October 1993 | Volume 119 Issue 8 | Pages 771-778
Objective: To determine whether plasma tumor necrosis factor-
Design: Prospective study comparing patients with the sepsis syndrome, critically ill patients without sepsis, and normal healthy volunteers.
Setting: Tertiary care hospital affiliated with a medical school.
Patients: The study included 97 consecutive patients on a medical service who met the criteria for the sepsis syndrome; 20 critically ill patients without sepsis who were in the medical intensive care unit; and 20 healthy volunteers who served as comparison groups.
Measurements: Plasma tumor necrosis factor-
Results: Fifty-four percent of patients with the sepsis syndrome had detectable levels of TNF-
Conclusions: Patients with the sepsis syndrome have detectable levels of circulating TNF-
Author and Article Information
From Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
ARTICLE
Plasma Cytokine and Endotoxin Levels Correlate with Survival in Patients with the Sepsis Syndrome
(TNF-), interleukin-1 ß (IL-1 ß), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lipopolysaccharide are detectable in patients when they first present with the sepsis syndrome and to determine whether levels correlate with patient survival. , IL-1 ß, interleukin-6, and endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) levels were measured when a patient was first identified as having the sepsis syndrome. Survival was defined as being alive 30 days after the sepsis syndrome was diagnosed. (median, 26 pg/mL; range, nondetectable to 1000 pg/mL); 37% had detectable levels of IL-1 (median, 20 pg/mL; range, nondetectable to 2850 pg/mL); 80% had detectable levels of IL-6 (median, 415 pg/mL; range, nondetectable to 2380 pg/mL); and 89% had detectable levels of lipopolysaccharide (median, 2.6; range, nondetectable to 12.5 endotoxin units [EU]/mL). In all cases, levels were higher than those in critically ill patients without sepsis and normal healthy controls (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Plasma levels of TNF-, IL-1 ß, IL-6, and lipopolysaccharide were detectable in patients regardless of culture status. The IL-6 level was 69% (95% CI, 30% to 108%) higher in patients who died compared with those who survived. The scores for the individual levels of TNF-, IL-1 ß, IL-6, and lipopolysaccharide were summed to arrive at a total lipopolysaccharide-cytokine score, and mortality increased with lipopolysaccharide-cytokine score (P < 0.001). , IL-1, IL-6, and lipopolysaccharide independent of culture-documented infection. Lipopolysaccharide and cytokines may play a pathogenic role in sepsis, and the combination of several elevated factors may be important in determining patient survival.
Requests for Reprints: Larry C. Casey, MD, PhD, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 1725 West Harrison Street, Suite 306, Chicago, IL 60612.
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Facebook 
Reddit 
Technorati 
Twitter What's this?
Related articles in Annals:
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  K. Goring, Y. Huang, C. Mowat, C. Leger, T.-H. Lim, R. Zaheer, D. Mok, L. A. Tibbles, D. Zygun, and B. W. Winston Mechanisms of human complement factor B induction in sepsis and inhibition by activated protein C Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, May 1, 2009; 296(5): C1140 - C1150. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. R. Johnston and N. R. Webster Cytokines and the immunomodulatory function of the vagus nerve Br. J. Anaesth., April 1, 2009; 102(4): 453 - 462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Manarin, E. Bottasso, O. Bottasso, E. Serra, and S. Revelli Beneficial Effects of Benznidazole during an Infectious-based Situation of Systemic Inflammatory Response: Cecal Ligation and Puncture Am J Trop Med Hyg, November 1, 2008; 79(5): 793 - 796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. B. Kidd, G. A. Schabbauer, J. P. Luyendyk, T. D. Holscher, R. E. Tilley, M. Tencati, and N. Mackma Insulin Activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B (Akt) Pathway Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Mice J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 2008; 326(1): 348 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Yende, G. D'Angelo, J. A. Kellum, L. Weissfeld, J. Fine, R. D. Welch, L. Kong, M. Carter, D. C. Angus, and for the GenIMS Investigators Inflammatory Markers at Hospital Discharge Predict Subsequent Mortality after Pneumonia and Sepsis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 1, 2008; 177(11): 1242 - 1247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. C. Marshall Sepsis: rethinking the approach to clinical research J. Leukoc. Biol., March 1, 2008; 83(3): 471 - 482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Nolan, M. Weiden, A. Kelly, Y. Hoshino, S. Hoshino, N. Mehta, and J. A. Gold CD40 and CD80/86 Act Synergistically to Regulate Inflammation and Mortality in Polymicrobial Sepsis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 1, 2008; 177(3): 301 - 308. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Ishii, H. Hamamoto, M. Kamimura, and K. Sekimizu Activation of the Silkworm Cytokine by Bacterial and Fungal Cell Wall Components via a Reactive Oxygen Species-triggered Mechanism J. Biol. Chem., January 25, 2008; 283(4): 2185 - 2191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Beilin, Y. Rusabrov, Y. Shapira, L. Roytblat, L. Greemberg, I. Z. Yardeni, and H. Bessler Low-dose ketamine affects immune responses in humans during the early postoperative period Br. J. Anaesth., October 1, 2007; 99(4): 522 - 527. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Chatterjee, C. Dimitropoulou, F. Drakopanayiotakis, G. Antonova, C. Snead, J. Cannon, R. C. Venema, and J. D. Catravas Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors Prolong Survival, Attenuate Inflammation, and Reduce Lung Injury in Murine Sepsis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 1, 2007; 176(7): 667 - 675. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Buijs, A. S. M. Dofferhoff, J. W. Mouton, and J. W. M. van der Meer Continuous administration of PBP-2- and PBP-3-specific {beta}-lactams causes higher cytokine responses in murine Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli sepsis J. Antimicrob. Chemother., May 1, 2007; 59(5): 926 - 933. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Zhang, L. Zhi, S. Moochhala, P. K. Moore, and M. Bhatia Hydrogen sulfide acts as an inflammatory mediator in cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in mice by upregulating the production of cytokines and chemokines via NF-{kappa}B Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, April 1, 2007; 292(4): L960 - L971. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Rios-Santos, J. C. Alves-Filho, F. O. Souto, F. Spiller, A. Freitas, C. M. C. Lotufo, M. B. P. Soares, R. R. dos Santos, M. M. Teixeira, and F. de Queiroz Cunha Down-regulation of CXCR2 on Neutrophils in Severe Sepsis Is Mediated by Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase-derived Nitric Oxide Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., March 1, 2007; 175(5): 490 - 497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Sarkar, M. W. Hall, M. Exline, J. Hart, N. Knatz, N. T. Gatson, and M. D. Wewers Caspase-1 Regulates Escherichia coli Sepsis and Splenic B Cell Apoptosis Independently of Interleukin-1beta and Interleukin-18 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 1, 2006; 174(9): 1003 - 1010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Kofoed, U. V. Schneider, T. Scheel, O. Andersen, and J. Eugen-Olsen Development and Validation of a Multiplex Add-On Assay for Sepsis Biomarkers Using xMAP Technology Clin. Chem., July 1, 2006; 52(7): 1284 - 1293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Jia, M. Takahashi, H. Morimoto, S. Takahashi, A. Izawa, H. Ise, T. Iwasaki, H. Hattori, K.-J. Wu, and U. Ikeda Changes in cardiac lipid metabolism during sepsis: The essential role of very low-density lipoprotein receptors Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2006; 69(2): 545 - 555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. R. Parikh, E. Abraham, M. Ancukiewicz, C. L. Edelstein, and for the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Urine IL-18 Is an Early Diagnostic Marker for Acute Kidney Injury and Predicts Mortality in the Intensive Care Unit J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., October 1, 2005; 16(10): 3046 - 3052. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. E. Di Cesare, E. Chang, C. F. Preston, and C.-j. Liu Serum Interleukin-6 as a Marker of Periprosthetic Infection Following Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., September 1, 2005; 87(9): 1921 - 1927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Nooteboom, C. J. van der Linden, and T. Hendriks Whole blood-mediated endothelial permeability and adhesion molecule expression: a model study into the effects of bacteria and antibiotics J. Antimicrob. Chemother., February 1, 2005; 55(2): 150 - 156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. R. Leon, D. A. DuBose, and C. W. Mason Heat stress induces a biphasic thermoregulatory response in mice Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2005; 288(1): R197 - R204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Iwamura, M. Sato, and K. Wakitani Comparative Study of Glucocorticoids, Cyclosporine A, and JTE-607 [(-)-Ethyl-N-{3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-4-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl}-L-phenylalaninate Dihydrochloride] in a Mouse Septic Shock Model J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., December 1, 2004; 311(3): 1256 - 1263. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Y. Davani, D. R. Dorscheid, C.-H. Lee, C. van Breemen, and K. R. Walley Novel regulatory mechanism of cardiomyocyte contractility involving ICAM-1 and the cytoskeleton Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2004; 287(3): H1013 - H1022. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Lake, J. DeLeo, F. Cerasoli, L. Logdberg, M. Weetall, and D. Handley Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Neutralization of Endotoxin by PMX622 in Mice Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., August 1, 2004; 48(8): 2987 - 2992. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Gibot and A. Cravoisy Soluble Form of the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 as a Marker of Microbial Infection Clin. Med. Res., August 1, 2004; 2(3): 181 - 187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Taneja, P. E. Coy, I. Lee, J. M. Bryson, and R. B. Robey Proinflammatory interleukin-1 cytokines increase mesangial cell hexokinase activity and hexokinase II isoform abundance Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, August 1, 2004; 287(2): C548 - C557. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. D. Duncan, L. Tiberio, and J. H. Eldridge Multivariate Analysis of Cytokine Responses Identifies Distinctive Sensitivities to Lipopolysaccharide in Humans Infect. Immun., July 1, 2004; 72(7): 4282 - 4285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. E. Brown, M. Q. Stewart, S. A. Bissonnette, A. E. H. Elia, E. Wilker, and M. B. Yaffe Distinct Ligand-dependent Roles for p38 MAPK in Priming and Activation of the Neutrophil NADPH Oxidase J. Biol. Chem., June 25, 2004; 279(26): 27059 - 27068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. J. Papadakos and J. J. Haitsma Cytokines: The Tomb Markers of the ICU Chest, June 1, 2004; 125(6): 1980 - 1982. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. De Freitas, M. Fernandez-Somoza, E. Essenfeld-Sekler, and J. E. Cardier Serum Levels of the Apoptosis-Associated Molecules, Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}/Tumor Necrosis Factor Type-I Receptor and Fas/FasL, in Sepsis Chest, June 1, 2004; 125(6): 2238 - 2246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Malagarie-Cazenave, B. Segui, S. Leveque, V. Garcia, S. Carpentier, M.-F. Altie, A. Brouchet, V. Gouaze, N. Andrieu-Abadie, Y. Barreira, et al. Role of FAN in Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} and Lipopolysaccharide-induced Interleukin-6 Secretion and Lethality in D-Galactosamine-sensitized Mice J. Biol. Chem., April 30, 2004; 279(18): 18648 - 18655. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M.-C. Amoureux, E. Hegyi, D. Le, P. Grandics, H. Tong, and S. Szathmary A new method for removing endotoxin from plasma using hemocompatible affinity chromatography technology, applicable for extracorporeal treatment of septic patients Innate Immunity, April 1, 2004; 10(2): 85 - 95. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Sprong, M. G. Netea, P. van der Ley, T. J. G. Verver-Jansen, L. E. H. Jacobs, A. Stalenhoef, J. W. M. van der Meer, and M. van Deuren Human lipoproteins have divergent neutralizing effects on E. coli LPS, N. meningitidis LPS, and complete Gram-negative bacteria J. Lipid Res., April 1, 2004; 45(4): 742 - 749. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Taniguchi, H. Kanakura, Y. Takemoto, and K. Yamamoto The Antiinflammatory Effects of Ketamine in Endotoxemic Rats During Moderate and Mild Hypothermia Anesth. Analg., April 1, 2004; 98(4): 1114 - 1120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. R. Clatworthy and K. G.C. Smith Fc{gamma}RIIb Balances Efficient Pathogen Clearance and the Cytokine-mediated Consequences of Sepsis J. Exp. Med., March 1, 2004; 199(5): 717 - 723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Lekkou, M. Karakantza, A. Mouzaki, F. Kalfarentzos, and C. A. Gogos Cytokine Production and Monocyte HLA-DR Expression as Predictors of Outcome for Patients with Community-Acquired Severe Infections Clin. Vaccine Immunol., January 1, 2004; 11(1): 161 - 167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Matsukawa, K. Takeda, S. Kudo, T. Maeda, M. Kagayama, and S. Akira Aberrant Inflammation and Lethality to Septic Peritonitis in Mice Lacking STAT3 in Macrophages and Neutrophils J. Immunol., December 1, 2003; 171(11): 6198 - 6205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. E. Nwariaku, P. Rothenbach, Z. Liu, X. Zhu, R. H. Turnage, and L. S. Terada Rho inhibition decreases TNF-induced endothelial MAPK activation and monolayer permeability J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2003; 95(5): 1889 - 1895. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. d. J. Arana, M. G. Vallespi, G. Chinea, G. V. Vallespi, I. Rodriguez-Alonso, H. E. Garay, W. A. Buurman, and O. Reyes Inhibition of LPS-responses by synthetic peptides derived from LBP associates with the ability of the peptides to block LBP-LPS interaction Innate Immunity, October 1, 2003; 9(5): 281 - 291. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Mesotten, G. Van den Berghe, C. Liddle, S. Coulter, F. McDougall, R. C. Baxter, and P. J. D. Delhanty Growth Hormone Modulation of the Rat Hepatic Bile Transporter System in Endotoxin-Induced Cholestasis Endocrinology, September 1, 2003; 144(9): 4008 - 4017. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-M. Sallenave, G. A. Cunningham, R. M. James, G. McLachlan, and C. Haslett Regulation of Pulmonary and Systemic Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Responses in Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Elafin Infect. Immun., July 1, 2003; 71(7): 3766 - 3774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Morgera, D. Klonower, J. Rocktaschel, M. Haase, F. Priem, S. Ziemer, B. Wegner, H. Gohl, and H.-H. Neumayer TNF-{alpha} elimination with high cut-off haemofilters: a feasible clinical modality for septic patients? Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., July 1, 2003; 18(7): 1361 - 1369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. A. Lobo, F. R. M. Lobo, D. P. Bota, F. Lopes-Ferreira, H. M. Soliman, C. Melot, and J.-L. Vincent C-Reactive Protein Levels Correlate With Mortality and Organ Failure in Critically Ill Patients Chest, June 1, 2003; 123(6): 2043 - 2049. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A J Kvalsvig and D J Unsworth The immunopathogenesis of meningococcal disease J. Clin. Pathol., June 1, 2003; 56(6): 417 - 422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Christoforidis, P.-G. Chassot, F. Mosimann, D. Lienard, F. Brunstein, D. Bejko, F. J. Lejeune, and R. Chiolero Isolated Limb Perfusion: Distinct Tourniquet and Tumor Necrosis Factor Effects on the Early Hemodynamic Response Arch Surg, January 1, 2003; 138(1): 17 - 25. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. C. Riedemann, T. A. Neff, R.-F. Guo, K. D. Bernacki, I. J. Laudes, J. V. Sarma, J. D. Lambris, and P. A. Ward Protective Effects of IL-6 Blockade in Sepsis Are Linked to Reduced C5a Receptor Expression J. Immunol., January 1, 2003; 170(1): 503 - 507. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Opal The clinical relevance of endotoxin in human sepsis: a critical analysis Innate Immunity, December 1, 2002; 8(6): 473 - 476. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Knuefermann, S. Nemoto, A. Misra, N. Nozaki, G. Defreitas, S. M. Goyert, B. A. Carabello, D. L. Mann, and J. G. Vallejo CD14-Deficient Mice Are Protected Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cardiac Inflammation and Left Ventricular Dysfunction Circulation, November 12, 2002; 106(20): 2608 - 2615. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Moretti, B. Basso, L. Cervetta, A. Brigada, and G. Barbieri Patterns of Cytokines and Soluble Cellular Receptors in the Sera of Children with Acute Chagas' Disease Clin. Vaccine Immunol., November 1, 2002; 9(6): 1324 - 1327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Zilberstein, R. Levy, M. Rachinsky, A. Fisher, L. Greemberg, Y. Shapira, A. Appelbaum, and L. Roytblat Ketamine Attenuates Neutrophil Activation After Cardiopulmonary Bypass Anesth. Analg., September 1, 2002; 95(3): 531 - 536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J Bruins, P. B Soeters, W. H Lamers, and N. E. Deutz L-Arginine supplementation in pigs decreases liver protein turnover and increases hindquarter protein turnover both during and after endotoxemia Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2002; 75(6): 1031 - 1044. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F.K. Tegtmeyer, J. Moller, and P. Zabel Inhibition of granulocyte activation by surfactant in a 2-yr-old female with meningococcus-induced ARDS Eur. Respir. J., April 1, 2002; 19(4): 776 - 779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Knuefermann, S. Nemoto, G. Baumgarten, A. Misra, N. Sivasubramanian, B. A. Carabello, and J. G. Vallejo Cardiac Inflammation and Innate Immunity in Septic Shock* : Is There a Role for Toll-Like Receptors? Chest, April 1, 2002; 121(4): 1329 - 1336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. V. O'Neal, N. Brown, and C. Munro Physiologic Factors Contributing to a Transition in Oral Immunity among Mechanically Ventilated Adults Biol Res Nurs, January 1, 2002; 3(3): 132 - 139. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Sweet, C. C. Campbell, D. P. Sester, D. Xu, R. C. McDonald, K. J. Stacey, D. A. Hume, and F. Y. Liew Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Suppresses Responses to CpG DNA and Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 9 but Enhances Responses to Lipopolysaccharide in Murine Macrophages J. Immunol., January 1, 2002; 168(1): 392 - 399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. B. J. Groeneveld, A. W. J. Bossink, G. J. van Mierlo, and C. E. Hack Circulating Inflammatory Mediators in Patients with Fever: Predicting Bloodstream Infection Clin. Vaccine Immunol., November 1, 2001; 8(6): 1189 - 1195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. GLYNNE, J. PICOT, and T. J. EVANS Coexpressed Nitric Oxide Synthase and Apical {beta}1 Integrins Influence Tubule Cell Adhesion after Cytokine-Induced Injury J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., November 1, 2001; 12(11): 2370 - 2383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. HARBARTH, K. HOLECKOVA, C. FROIDEVAUX, D. PITTET, B. RICOU, G. E. GRAU, L. VADAS, J. PUGIN, and the Geneva Sepsis Network Diagnostic Value of Procalcitonin, Interleukin-6, and Interleukin-8 in Critically Ill Patients Admitted with Suspected Sepsis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 1, 2001; 164(3): 396 - 402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Suzuki, H. Ikezaki, R. Chandiwala, D. Hong, and I. Rubinstein Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa endotoxin on vasodilation in the intact spinotrapezius muscle J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2001; 91(1): 351 - 356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Alexander and E. Th. Rietschel Invited review: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides and innate immunity Innate Immunity, June 1, 2001; 7(3): 167 - 202. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Fruhbeck, J. Gomez-Ambrosi, F. J. Muruzabal, and M. A. Burrell The adipocyte: a model for integration of endocrine and metabolic signaling in energy metabolism regulation Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2001; 280(6): E827 - E847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. OBERHOLZER, A. OBERHOLZER, M. CLARE-SALZLER, and L. L. MOLDAWER Apoptosis in sepsis: a new target for therapeutic exploration FASEB J, April 1, 2001; 15(6): 879 - 892. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Doughty, K. B. Nguyen, J. E. Durbin, and C. A. Biron A Role for IFN-{{alpha}}{{beta}} in Virus Infection-Induced Sensitization to Endotoxin J. Immunol., February 15, 2001; 166(4): 2658 - 2664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-J. Dubois and J.-L. Vincent Clinically-oriented therapies in sepsis: a review Innate Immunity, December 1, 2000; 6(6): 463 - 469. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. K. Murthy, V. A. Dennis, B. L. Lasater, and M. T. Philipp Interleukin-10 Modulates Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Human Monocytic Cell Line THP-1 Stimulated with Borrelia burgdorferi Lipoproteins Infect. Immun., December 1, 2000; 68(12): 6663 - 6669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. H. Chen, R. C. Reddy, M. W. Newstead, K. Tateda, B. L. Kyasapura, and T. J. Standiford Intrapulmonary TNF Gene Therapy Reverses Sepsis-Induced Suppression of Lung Antibacterial Host Defense J. Immunol., December 1, 2000; 165(11): 6496 - 6503. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Nakanishi, S. Takeda, K. Terajima, T. Takano, and R. Ogawa Myocardial Dysfunction Associated with Proinflammatory Cytokines After Esophageal Resection Anesth. Analg., August 1, 2000; 91(2): 270 - 275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. L. Loftis, C. A. Johanns, A. J. Lechner, and G. M. Matuschak Brief hypoxic stress suppresses postbacteremic NF-kappa B activation and TNF-alpha bioactivity in perfused liver Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2000; 279(1): R99 - R108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Gierens, M. Nauck, M. Roth, R. Schinker, C. Schurmann, H. Scharnagl, G. Neuhaus, H. Wieland, and W. Marz Interleukin-6 Stimulates LDL Receptor Gene Expression via Activation of Sterol-Responsive and Sp1 Binding Elements Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., July 1, 2000; 20(7): 1777 - 1783. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Arnalich, E. Garcia-Palomero, J. Lopez, M. Jimenez, R. Madero, J. Renart, J. J. Vazquez, and C. Montiel Predictive Value of Nuclear Factor kappa B Activity and Plasma Cytokine Levels in Patients with Sepsis Infect. Immun., April 1, 2000; 68(4): 1942 - 1945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Kwak, N. H. Augustine, W. G. Borges, J. L. Joyner, W. F. Green, and H. R. Hill Intracellular and Extracellular Cytokine Production by Human Mixed Mononuclear Cells in Response to Group B Streptococci Infect. Immun., January 1, 2000; 68(1): 320 - 327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Weigand, H. Schmidt, Q. Zhao, K. Plaschke, E. Martin, and H. J. Bardenheuer Ketamine Modulates the Stimulated Adhesion Molecule Expression on Human Neutrophils In Vitro Anesth. Analg., January 1, 2000; 90(1): 206 - 206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ebong, D. Call, J. Nemzek, G. Bolgos, D. Newcomb, and D. Remick Immunopathologic Alterations in Murine Models of Sepsis of Increasing Severity Infect. Immun., December 1, 1999; 67(12): 6603 - 6610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. R. WALLEY, T. E. MCDONALD, Y. HIGASHIMOTO, and S. HAYASHI Modulation of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Nitric Oxide in Murine Acute Lung Injury Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 1, 1999; 160(2): 698 - 704. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. DROST, G. KASSABIAN, H. J. MEISELMAN, D. GELMONT, and T. C. FISHER Increased Rigidity and Priming of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Sepsis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 1, 1999; 159(6): 1696 - 1702. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Ward and A. B. Lentsch The Acute Inflammatory Response and Its Regulation Arch Surg, June 1, 1999; 134(6): 666 - 669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Yasuda and W. Y. W. Lew Angiotensin II exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced contractile depression in rabbit cardiac myocytes Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 1999; 276(5): H1442 - H1449. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Majcherczyk, H. Langen, D. Heumann, M. Fountoulakis, M. P. Glauser, and P. Moreillon Digestion of Streptococcus pneumoniae Cell Walls with Its Major Peptidoglycan Hydrolase Releases Branched Stem Peptides Carrying Proinflammatory Activity J. Biol. Chem., April 30, 1999; 274(18): 12537 - 12543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M. Biasucci, G. Liuzzo, G. Fantuzzi, G. Caligiuri, A. G. Rebuzzi, F. Ginnetti, C. A. Dinarello, and A. Maseri Increasing Levels of Interleukin (IL)-1Ra and IL-6 During the First 2 Days of Hospitalization in Unstable Angina Are Associated With Increased Risk of In-Hospital Coronary Events Circulation, April 27, 1999; 99(16): 2079 - 2084. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kumar, R. Brar, P. Wang, L. Dee, G. Skorupa, F. Khadour, R. Schulz, and J. E. Parrillo Role of nitric oxide and cGMP in human septic serum-induced depression of cardiac myocyte contractility Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 1999; 276(1): R265 - R276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. M. Andrejko, J. Chen, and C. S. Deutschman Intrahepatic STAT-3 activation and acute phase gene expression predict outcome after CLP sepsis in the rat Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, December 1, 1998; 275(6): G1423 - G1429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. E. Calvano, S. M. Coyle, K. S. Barbosa, P. S. Barie, and S. F. Lowry Multivariate Analysis of 9 Disease-Associated Variables for Outcome Prediction in Patients With Sepsis Arch Surg, December 1, 1998; 133(12): 1347 - 1350. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. M. FROON, M. J. M. BONTEN, C. A. GAILLARD, J. W. M. GREVE, M. A. DENTENER, P. W. de LEEUW, M. DRENT, E. E. STOBBERINGH, and W. A. BUURMAN Prediction of Clinical Severity and Outcome of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia . Comparison of Simplified Acute Physiology Score with Systemic Inflammatory Mediators Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 1, 1998; 158(4): 1026 - 1031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. A. Mackowiak Concepts of Fever Arch Intern Med, September 28, 1998; 158(17): 1870 - 1881. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Hierholzer, J. C. Kalff, L. Omert, K. Tsukada, J. E. Loeffert, S. C. Watkins, T. R. Billiar, and D. J. Tweardy Interleukin-6 production in hemorrhagic shock is accompanied by neutrophil recruitment and lung injury Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, September 1, 1998; 275(3): L611 - L621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. D. Lowy Staphylococcus aureus Infections N. Engl. J. Med., August 20, 1998; 339(8): 520 - 532. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. A. Brasil, W. J. Gomes, R. Salomao, and E. Buffolo Inflammatory response after myocardial revascularization with or without cardiopulmonary bypass Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 1998; 66(1): 56 - 59. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. R. Leon, A. A. White, and M. J. Kluger Role of IL-6 and TNF in thermoregulation and survival during sepsis in mice Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 1998; 275(1): R269 - R277. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. A. Nockher and J. E. Scherberich Expanded CD14+ CD16+ Monocyte Subpopulation in Patients with Acute and Chronic Infections Undergoing Hemodialysis Infect. Immun., June 1, 1998; 66(6): 2782 - 2790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. R. Chang and B. Bistrian Review: The Role of Cytokines in the Catabolic Consequences of Infection and Injury JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, May 1, 1998; 22(3): 156 - 166. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. C. Denlinger, K. A. Garis, J. A. Sommer, A. G. Guadarrama, R. A. Proctor, and P. J. Bertics Nuclear Translocation of NF-kappa B in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Macrophages Fails To Correspond to Endotoxicity: Evidence Suggesting a Requirement for a Gamma Interferon-Like Signal Infect. Immun., April 1, 1998; 66(4): 1638 - 1647. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Yasuda and W. Y. W. Lew Lipopolysaccharide Depresses Cardiac Contractility and ß-Adrenergic Contractile Response by Decreasing Myofilament Response to Ca2+ in Cardiac Myocytes Circ. Res., December 19, 1997; 81(6): 1011 - 1020. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Van Der Poll and S. F. Lowry Epinephrine inhibits endotoxin-induced IL-1beta production: roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-10 Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 1997; 273(6): R1885 - R1890. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Bhagat and P. Vallance Inflammatory Cytokines Impair Endothelium-Dependent Dilatation in Human Veins In Vivo Circulation, November 4, 1997; 96(9): 3042 - 3047. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. M. BONTEN, A. H. M. FROON, C. A. GAILLARD, J. W. M. GREVE, P. W. de LEEUW, M. DRENT, E. E. STOBBERINGH, and W. A. BUURMAN The Systemic Inflammatory Response in the Development of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 1, 1997; 156(4): 1105 - 1113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. PRESTERL, T. STAUDINGER, M. PETTERMANN, A. LASSNIGG, H. BURGMANN, S. WINKLER, M. FRASS, and W. GRANINGER Cytokine Profile and Correlation to the APACHE III and MPM II Scores in Patients with Sepsis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 1997; 156(3): 825 - 832. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Laczika, S. Knapp, G.J. Locker, F. Thalhammer, B. Stoiser, M. Frass, and H. Burgmann Tremendous high plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations in a patient with Legionella pneumophila pneumonia Innate Immunity, August 1, 1997; 4(4): 301 - 304. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
