 |
 |
|
|
|  PubMed
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 October 1993 | Volume 119 Issue 7 Part 1 | Pages 599-605
Objective: To assess the size and consistency of garlic's effect on total serum cholesterol in persons with cholesterol levels greater than 5.17 mmol/L (200 mg/dL).
Data Sources: Clinical trials were identified by a computerized literature search of MEDLINE and by an assessment of the bibliographies of published studies and reviews.
Study Selection: Trials were selected if they were randomized and placebo-controlled and if at least 75% of their patients had cholesterol levels greater than 5.17 mmol/L (200 mg/dL). Studies were excluded if they did not provide enough data to compute effect size. Five of 28 studies were selected for review.
Data Extraction: Details of study design, patient characteristics, interventions, duration of therapy, and cholesterol measurements were extracted by one author and were verified by another.
Data Synthesis: Study quality was evaluated by multiple reviewers using a closed-ended questionnaire. Patients treated with garlic consistently showed a greater decrease in total cholesterol levels compared with those receiving placebo. Meta-analysis of homogeneous trials estimated a net cholesterol decrease attributable to garlic of 0.59 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.44 to 0.74) (23 mg/dL [CI, 17 to 29]) (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Meta-analysis of the controlled trials of garlic to reduce hypercholesterolemia showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels. The best available evidence suggests that garlic, in an amount approximating one half to one clove per day, decreased total serum cholesterol levels by about 9% in the groups of patients studied.
Author and Article Information
From New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.
REVIEW
Effect of Garlic on Total Serum Cholesterol
A Meta-Analysis
Requests for Reprints: Stephen Warshafsky, MD, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595.
Acknowledgments: The authors thank Benjamin Littenberg, MD, for critical review of an earlier version of this manuscript and the Internal Medicine residents of Westchester County Medical Center, New York Medical College, for review of studies for the quality score.
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Facebook 
Reddit 
Technorati 
Twitter What's this?
Related articles in Annals:
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. D. Gardner, L. D. Lawson, E. Block, L. M. Chatterjee, A. Kiazand, R. R. Balise, and H. C. Kraemer Effect of Raw Garlic vs Commercial Garlic Supplements on Plasma Lipid Concentrations in Adults With Moderate Hypercholesterolemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial Arch Intern Med, February 26, 2007; 167(4): 346 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Amagase Clarifying the Real Bioactive Constituents of Garlic J. Nutr., March 1, 2006; 136(3): 716S - 725S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Budoff Aged Garlic Extract Retards Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification, J. Nutr., March 1, 2006; 136(3): 741S - 744S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Ishikawa, T. Saeki, T. Otani, T. Suzuki, K. Shimozuma, H. Nishino, S. Fukuda, and K. Morimoto Aged Garlic Extract Prevents a Decline of NK Cell Number and Activity in Patients with Advanced Cancer J. Nutr., March 1, 2006; 136(3): 816S - 820S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Sparreboom, M. C. Cox, M. R. Acharya, and W. D. Figg Herbal Remedies in the United States: Potential Adverse Interactions With Anticancer Agents J. Clin. Oncol., June 15, 2004; 22(12): 2489 - 2503. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. J. Gibbons, S. Smith, and E. Antman American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Clinical Practice Guidelines: Part I: Where Do They Come From? Circulation, June 17, 2003; 107(23): 2979 - 2986. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Valli and E.-G. V. Giardina Benefits, adverse effects and drug interactionsof herbal therapies with cardiovascular effects J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 3, 2002; 39(7): 1083 - 1095. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Stevinson, M. H. Pittler, and E. Ernst Garlic for Treating Hypercholesterolemia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials Ann Intern Med, September 19, 2000; 133(6): 420 - 429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. R. Superko and R. M. Krauss Garlic powder, effect on plasma lipids, postprandial lipemia, low-density lipoprotein particle size, high-density lipoprotein subclass distribution and lipoprotein(a) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 1, 2000; 35(2): 321 - 326. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Gibbons, K. Chatterjee, J. Daley, J. S. Douglas, S. D. Fihn, J. M. Gardin, M. A. Grunwald, D. Levy, B. W. Lytle, R. A. O'Rourke, et al. ACC/AHA/ACP-ASIM guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 1, 1999; 33(7): 2092 - 2197. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. W. McCrindle, E. Helden, and W. T. Conner Garlic Extract Therapy in Children With Hypercholesterolemia Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, November 1, 1998; 152(11): 1089 - 1094. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. K. Berthold, T. Sudhop, and K. von Bergmann Effect of a Garlic Oil Preparation on Serum Lipoproteins and Cholesterol Metabolism: A Randomized Controlled Trial JAMA, June 17, 1998; 279(23): 1900 - 1902. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. L. Bartels and S. J. Miller Herbal and Related Remedies Nutr Clin Pract, February 1, 1998; 13(1): 5 - 19. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. B. Simon Patient-Directed, Nonprescription Approaches to Cardiovascular Disease Arch Intern Med, October 24, 1994; 154(20): 2283 - 2296. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Gore and J. E. Dalen Cardiovascular Disease JAMA, June 1, 1994; 271(21): 1660 - 1661. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
