 |
 |
|
|
|  PubMed
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 November 1993 | Volume 119 Issue 10 | Pages 1029-1035
Objective: To examine the relation of obesity and weight loss to the formation of gallstones according to pertinent clinical and research issues. REVIEW
Contributions of Obesity and Weight Loss to Gallstone Disease
|
Data Synthesis: For women, but less so for men, obesity is a strong risk factor for gallstones, and this risk is increased during weight loss. Between 10% and 25% of obese men and women may develop gallstones within a few months of beginning a very low calorie diet, and perhaps one third of these will develop symptoms of gallstones. Persons with the highest body mass index before weight loss and those who lose weight most rapidly appear to be at the greatest risk for gallstones. Treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (ursodiol) during weight loss dieting is the only proven prevention for the formation of gallstones. Issues to be resolved include how different diets affect the risk for developing gallstones, the identification of other risk factors for gallstone formation during weight loss, the effect of weight loss among people with preexisting gallstones, and the optimum means of preventing gallstones during weight loss.
Conclusions: During weight loss, particularly among the obese, an increased risk exists for symptomatic gallstone formation. This acute risk offers the opportunity to investigate the cause of gallstones and possibly to prevent them.
Author and Article Information
 |
From the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland.
Requests for Reprints: James Everhart, MD, MPH, 5333 Westbard Avenue, Room 3A-10, Westwood Building, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Acknowledgments: The author thanks Willis Foster of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases for his literature search on this topic and members of the National Task Force on Prevention and Treatment of Obesity for their guidance and comments on the manuscript. Data for Figure 1 were graciously provided by Dr. Huiying Yang of the Division of Medical Genetics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Facebook 
Reddit 
Technorati 
Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. Gasteyger, T. M. Larsen, F. Vercruysse, and A. Astrup Effect of a dietary-induced weight loss on liver enzymes in obese subjects Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2008; 87(5): 1141 - 1147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. A. Shikora, J. J. Kim, and M. E. Tarnoff Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Complications of Bariatric Surgery Nutr Clin Pract, February 1, 2007; 22(1): 29 - 40. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. R. Wilson and D. D. McAlpine The Effectiveness of Screening for Obesity in Primary Care: Weighing the Evidence Med Care Res Rev, October 1, 2006; 63(5): 570 - 598. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. H. Dietz and T. N. Robinson Overweight Children and Adolescents N. Engl. J. Med., May 19, 2005; 352(20): 2100 - 2109. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-J. Tsai, M. F Leitzmann, W. C Willett, and E. L Giovannucci Prospective study of abdominal adiposity and gallstone disease in US men Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2004; 80(1): 38 - 44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Hyogo, S. Roy, B. Paigen, and D. E. Cohen Leptin Promotes Biliary Cholesterol Elimination during Weight Loss in ob/ob Mice by Regulating the Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Salts J. Biol. Chem., September 6, 2002; 277(37): 34117 - 34124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. C. Lazcano-Ponce, J. F. Miquel, N. Munoz, R. Herrero, C. Ferrecio, I. I. Wistuba, P. Alonso de Ruiz, G. Aristi Urista, and F. Nervi Epidemiology and Molecular Pathology of Gallbladder Cancer CA Cancer J Clin, November 1, 2001; 51(6): 349 - 364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Simon, D. B. Hunninghake, S. K. Agarwal, F. Lin, J. A. Cauley, C. C. Ireland, J. H. Pickar, and for the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement S Effect of Estrogen plus Progestin on Risk for Biliary Tract Surgery in Postmenopausal Women with Coronary Artery Disease: The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study Ann Intern Med, October 2, 2001; 135(7): 493 - 501. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Instructions for Authors Nutr Clin Pract, February 1, 2000; 15(1): 2 - 2. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Apovian Invited Review: The Medical Management of Obesity and the Role of Pharmacotherapy: An Update Nutr Clin Pract, February 1, 2000; 15(1): 5 - 12. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J. Vega and D. E. Johnston Exercise and the Gallbladder N. Engl. J. Med., September 9, 1999; 341(11): 836 - 837. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Syngal, E. H. Coakley, W. C. Willett, T. Byers, D. F. Williamson, and G. A. Colditz Long-Term Weight Patterns and Risk for Cholecystectomy in Women Ann Intern Med, March 16, 1999; 130(6): 471 - 477. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. E. Barlow and W. H. Dietz Obesity Evaluation and Treatment: Expert Committee Recommendations Pediatrics, September 1, 1998; 102(3): e29 - e29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. W. Schwartz and J. D. Brunzell Regulation of Body Adiposity and the Problem of Obesity Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., February 1, 1997; 17(2): 233 - 238. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N Tait and J M Little Fortnightly Review: The treatment of gall stones BMJ, July 8, 1995; 311(6997): 99 - 105. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
